How to resolve issues with a tradesperson and how to take your dispute further.
How you settle a dispute with your tradesperson will depend on:
- what's in your contract
- the value of the work
- whether you're able to reach an agreement with your tradesperson, without help from a third party.
Resolve it yourself
Try and talk it through first. It might simply be a mistake or misunderstanding. It's cheaper and less stressful, in the long run, if you and your tradesperson can sort things out yourselves.
When communicating with your tradesperson:
- Voice your concerns as soon as possible — they may not realise there is a problem.
- Put your views across clearly — writing it down first can help.
- Be open to what the other party has to say.
- Try to understand the other party’s point of view.
- Check your tradesperson has understood your concerns.
- Try to come up with a range of options to sort things out — including possible compromises.
- Have realistic expectations about what you expect to happen.
- Make yourself available if your tradesperson tries to contact you.
- Keep talking and listening even when you can't agree.
- If you can’t solve the issue first time around, agree another time when you can try again.
- Stick to the issues and be respectful, including in voicemail, text or email messages. A hasty, incomplete or poorly worded message can create confusion or unnecessary ill-feeling.
Record what you agree in writing in case you need to refer to it later.
If your issue is about workmanship you can decide to hire a building consultant to do an independent check. Your tradesperson may agree to split costs.
Check your contract
For building work over $30,000, look to your contract. It should say what dispute resolution process to follow, and what to try first eg mediation and if that fails, adjudication or arbitration. If you've taken out a builders guarantee, check to see if it covers disputes.
Read more about Issues after your building work has finished
No contract or disputes process
If you don't have a contract or if your contract doesn’t tell you which process you should follow to settle a dispute, you can use the default clauses in the Building Act.
The default clauses in the Act cover several aspects of a building contract, including:
- building consents
- variations
- payments
- subcontractors
- dispute resolution
- notices.
They apply to all residential building work agreements, whether they are incomplete, unwritten, by handshake or verbal.
Default clauses will automatically be considered part of your contract if:
- you don’t have a written contract for a project valued at or above $30,000 plus GST (a requirement)
- the contract doesn’t include the information the Building Act says it should
- you don’t have a written contract.
A default clause won’t override an existing clause in your contract on a similar topic. For example if you have a payment schedule in your contract it won’t be replaced by the payment default clause.
Read the full default clauses(external link) in the Building Act regulations on the New Zealand Legislation website.
Disputes Tribunal
For lower value work, the Disputes Tribunal can be an inexpensive way to sort out issues with your tradesperson. It costs less than $200, depending on the value of your claim. The tribunal deals with claims up to $30,000 if both parties agree.
It can help with disputes about:
- whether a tradesman has done work properly
- the amount of money charged for work done
Your application should explain the situation and say why you think it is a dispute.
At the Tribunal hearing, a referee will hear the evidence and make a ruling based on the law about what's fair and just in the circumstances. It is a court building but the process is less formal. The ruling is binding and can be enforced by the courts if necessary. You can't have legal representation at the hearing, but you might want to seek legal advice beforehand.
How to make a claim to the Disputes Tribunal(external link) — Disputes Tribunal
What to expect at a hearing(external link) — Disputes Tribunal
Mediation, arbitration and adjudication
You can use mediation, arbitration or adjudication to resolve your problem with the help of a neutral third party. Each option has a different process and outcome — the one you choose will depend on:
- whether you and the other party can agree
- the role you want to play in agreeing the outcome
- the money you're prepared or able to pay to resolve the problem.
You might want to get some legal advice, or ask another tradesperson for a technical opinion about the problem before you start, so you're entering discussions armed with good information.
Mediation
Mediators help you discuss issues and narrow your differences, until you reach an agreement. It's generally the quickest and most cost effective way to formally settle your dispute. You may be able to sort out your problem in a couple of weeks.
Mediation relies on you and your tradesperson being open to finding a solution. In most cases decisions are not binding, meaning neither of you are legally obliged to do what you agree.
Arbitration
Going to arbitration is similar to going to court, except:
- an arbitrator and not a judge hears your case
- it is held on private - and not a public court
Arbitration can be expensive. However decisions are final and legally binding. The process can take six months to a year.
Adjudication
Adjudication is aimed specifically at settling building disputes. It's less formal than going to arbitration and is generally quicker — around six weeks.
The adjudicator's decision is legally binding, but can be overturned by taking the case to arbitration.
Mediation, arbitration and adjudication(external link) — Building Performance
Dispute resolution services
These organisations are approved by the Minister for Building and Housing to hear building disputes:
- Arbitrators' and Mediators' Institute of New Zealand Inc(external link)
- Adjudicators Association of New Zealand(external link)
- Building Disputes Tribunal(external link)
- Fairway Resolution Limited(external link)
- Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors(external link)
Determinations
Determinations are legally binding rulings made by the government. You may need to apply for a determination if you're in dispute about:
- whether work complies with the Building Code
- a council decision, eg the council is refusing building consent.
Determinations(external link) – Building Performance
Court
Going to court can be expensive and take a long time. It should be a last resort for resolving problems with a tradesperson. You should get legal advice as early as possible, especially if there's a lot of money in dispute.
To invoke the Building Act’s implied warranties, you have to take the matter to the District Court or High Court.
Courts information(external link) — Ministry of Justice
If you think electrical work or an electrical appliance is unsafe contact Worksafe.
Energy Safety(external link) — Worksafe
Ask the council to explain the reasons behind their decision, eg if you've been refused building consent or a code of compliance certificate. If you have concerns about how a council has carried out the consent process, you can take it through the council's complaints process.
Complain about a building consent authority(external link) — Building Performance
Building consent and sign-off problems(external link) — Building Performance
Council problems(external link) — Building Performance
The Construction Contracts Act sets out the law about how to handle payment disputes. Your contract should include a payment claim or payment schedule. You may need to use an adjudicator to settle your dispute.
Construction Contracts Act(external link) — Building Performance
Read more about how to Report a builder or tradesperson
The Weathertight Homes Resolution Service (WHRS) provides a dispute mechanism for leaky homes. It is free if your claim is under $20,000.
Weathertight Homes Tribunal(external link) — Ministry of Justice